President of the former Bophu... Bupho... Buthu... bubu... Bophuthatswana (a political entity so much a sick joke that it doesn't pass my spell-check device):
Kgosi Lucas Manyane Mangope (27 December 1923[3] – 18 January 2018)[4][5] was the leader of the Bantustan of Bophuthatswana and the founder and leader of the United Christian Democratic Party, a minor political party based in the North West of South Africa.
Born in Motswedi, Mangope worked as a high school teacher until 8 August 1959, when he succeeded his father Lucas as Chief of the Motswedi Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane tribe. On 1 May 1971, Mangope became Chief Minister of the Bophuthatswana Legislative Assembly and retained his post following the first Bophuthatswana elections on 4 October 1972. Initially leader of the Bophuthatswana National Party, Mangope left the party following what was officially referred to as 'internal strife' and formed the Bophuthatswana Democratic Party, which then became the governing party. He became President in 1977. In 1988 he was briefly overthrown by members of a military police unit, and was reinstated following intervention by the South African Defence Force. South Africa's government stated that it was responding to a request for assistance from the legal government of a sovereign nation.
Sasha Polakow-Suransky wrote that Mangope was "widely considered a puppet and a joke in South Africa" during his presidency.[6] Mangope was nevertheless given some recognition during visits to Israel, meeting with prominent figures such as Moshe Dayan. (Bophuthatswana had an unofficial "embassy" in Israel in the 1980s despite objections from the Israeli Foreign Ministry, which did not recognize the bantustan as a state.)[6]
Mangope was accused of using his Defence Force and Police to suppress protests, and had been accused of police brutality when a student protest was suppressed by his police force. Mangope's supporters, however, have argued that Bophuthatswana was comparatively more successful than other Bantustans in social and economic development, owing to its mineral wealth.[7][8] Although designated as an ethnic Tswana homeland, Bophuthatswana was more or less an integrated society where Apartheid legislation did not apply, in common with other homelands.[9][10]
Main article: Bophuthatswana coup d'état of 1994
At the Kempton Park negotiations in 1993 that led to the first non-racial elections in South Africa in 1994, Mangope had made clear that Bophuthatswana would remain independent of the new and integrated South Africa and that he would not allow the upcoming elections to take place in "his country". With most residents in favour of reintegration, the defence force mutinied. Mangope called on outside help, but was eventually forced to flee the homeland, and shortly thereafter, the homelands were reincorporated into South Africa.[11]
More from Wikipedia
[/url]
Bophuthatswana was a Bantustan that the racist Apartheid government of South Africa established as a means of denying citizenship in the South Africa in which the black majority lived. These were essentially puppet states without recognition outside of South Africa. They typically had nearly no economic viability, no history, and no real independencee. They were typically patchwork entities with no geographic cohesion.
All of them were reincorporated into the post-racial South Africa.
[url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas_Mangope]
Kgosi Lucas Manyane Mangope (27 December 1923[3] – 18 January 2018)[4][5] was the leader of the Bantustan of Bophuthatswana and the founder and leader of the United Christian Democratic Party, a minor political party based in the North West of South Africa.
Born in Motswedi, Mangope worked as a high school teacher until 8 August 1959, when he succeeded his father Lucas as Chief of the Motswedi Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane tribe. On 1 May 1971, Mangope became Chief Minister of the Bophuthatswana Legislative Assembly and retained his post following the first Bophuthatswana elections on 4 October 1972. Initially leader of the Bophuthatswana National Party, Mangope left the party following what was officially referred to as 'internal strife' and formed the Bophuthatswana Democratic Party, which then became the governing party. He became President in 1977. In 1988 he was briefly overthrown by members of a military police unit, and was reinstated following intervention by the South African Defence Force. South Africa's government stated that it was responding to a request for assistance from the legal government of a sovereign nation.
Sasha Polakow-Suransky wrote that Mangope was "widely considered a puppet and a joke in South Africa" during his presidency.[6] Mangope was nevertheless given some recognition during visits to Israel, meeting with prominent figures such as Moshe Dayan. (Bophuthatswana had an unofficial "embassy" in Israel in the 1980s despite objections from the Israeli Foreign Ministry, which did not recognize the bantustan as a state.)[6]
Mangope was accused of using his Defence Force and Police to suppress protests, and had been accused of police brutality when a student protest was suppressed by his police force. Mangope's supporters, however, have argued that Bophuthatswana was comparatively more successful than other Bantustans in social and economic development, owing to its mineral wealth.[7][8] Although designated as an ethnic Tswana homeland, Bophuthatswana was more or less an integrated society where Apartheid legislation did not apply, in common with other homelands.[9][10]
Main article: Bophuthatswana coup d'état of 1994
At the Kempton Park negotiations in 1993 that led to the first non-racial elections in South Africa in 1994, Mangope had made clear that Bophuthatswana would remain independent of the new and integrated South Africa and that he would not allow the upcoming elections to take place in "his country". With most residents in favour of reintegration, the defence force mutinied. Mangope called on outside help, but was eventually forced to flee the homeland, and shortly thereafter, the homelands were reincorporated into South Africa.[11]
More from Wikipedia
[/url]
Bophuthatswana was a Bantustan that the racist Apartheid government of South Africa established as a means of denying citizenship in the South Africa in which the black majority lived. These were essentially puppet states without recognition outside of South Africa. They typically had nearly no economic viability, no history, and no real independencee. They were typically patchwork entities with no geographic cohesion.
All of them were reincorporated into the post-racial South Africa.
[url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas_Mangope]
The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced Nazi or the dedicated Communist but instead the people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction, true and false, no longer exists -- Hannah Arendt.