04-13-2019, 08:50 PM
(This post was last modified: 04-13-2019, 08:52 PM by John J. Xenakis.)
** 13-Apr-2019 India and Britain commemorate 1919 Amritsar massacre
On April 13, 1919, the Jalianvala Bagh Massacre (Amritsar Massacre)
occurred, when British troops opened fire on 10,000 Sikhs holding a
protest meeting, killing hundreds. Both India and Britain
commemorated the 100th anniversary of that event on Saturday.
The Amritsar Massacre was an Awakening climax. The previous
generational crisis war was the 1857 India anti-British rebellion,
also called India's First War of Independence from the British
colonial power. What started out in 1857 as protests related to the
Hindu veneration of cows grew into an extremely bloody generational
crisis war, resulting in the deaths of over 100,000 Indian civilians.
India remained a British colony, and there was little or no violence
for decades, as often happens after a generational crisis war, since
the traumatized survivors do not wish anything so horrible to happen
again. However, as younger generations with no personal memory of the
war rise to power, conflicts begin again.
In the 1910s, Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian peace activist, launched a
"non-cooperation movement" against the British, involving civil
disobedience. The generational Awakening era climax occurred with the
Amritsar Massacre, which is considered by some to be the worst British
atrocity of the century.
That event convinced both the British and the Indians that Britain
should completely give up colonial control of India. It led to the
partitioning of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 into two new nations,
India and Pakistan, and that led immediately into the Partition war,
one of the bloodiest battles of the 20th century.
The people killed in the Amritsar Massacre were Sikhs in the
"Khalistan" separatist movement, demanding that Punjab become an
independent Sikh state.
Sixty-four years after the Amritsar Massacre of 1919, in 1983, some
Sikh activists took refuge in the Golden Temple Complex at Amritsar,
the most revered place in the Sikh world. In June 1984 Indian troops
launched 'Operation Blue Star'. They attacked the Golden Temple
Complex, killing many of those inside, and seriously damaging the
buildings.
This infuriated the Sikhs, who revived the Khalistan separatist
movement. In October 1984, the world was shocked when India's prime
minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards,
who were getting revenge. Four days of anti-Sikh rioting followed in
India. The government said that more than 2,700 people, mostly Sikhs,
were killed, while newspapers and human rights groups put the death
toll between 10,000 and 17,000.
There's no known connection between the two, so it may simply be a
coincidence that a similar massacre occurred in Tiananmen Square in
Beijing on May 4, 1919, just three weeks after the Amritsar Massacre.
Word of the Amritsar massacre would surely have reached Beijing, and
might well have inspired the protests. This was the famous "May
Fourth movement," protesting the "Versailles betrayal" of China by the
Versailles peace conference that ended World War I.
When an Awakening climax is a massacre, it can change the direction of
a society. The Amritsar massacre convinced everyone that India should
no longer be a British colony. The 1919 Tiananmen Square massacre
convinced the Chinese to turn against "Western imperialism," which led
to the relationship with Soviet Russia and the adoption of Communism.
--- Sources:
-- Amritsar massacre / After the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, came the
torture, crawling, floggings
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/indi...773961.cms
(TimesOfIndia)
--- Related:
** 30-Nov-18 World View -- Kartarpur Corridor raises concerns about activating the Sikh separatist Khalistan movement
** http://www.generationaldynamics.com/pg/x...tm#e181130
** 2-Apr-18 World View -- Massive new anti-India violence in Kashmir leads to 20 deaths
** http://www.generationaldynamics.com/pg/x...tm#e180402
On April 13, 1919, the Jalianvala Bagh Massacre (Amritsar Massacre)
occurred, when British troops opened fire on 10,000 Sikhs holding a
protest meeting, killing hundreds. Both India and Britain
commemorated the 100th anniversary of that event on Saturday.
The Amritsar Massacre was an Awakening climax. The previous
generational crisis war was the 1857 India anti-British rebellion,
also called India's First War of Independence from the British
colonial power. What started out in 1857 as protests related to the
Hindu veneration of cows grew into an extremely bloody generational
crisis war, resulting in the deaths of over 100,000 Indian civilians.
India remained a British colony, and there was little or no violence
for decades, as often happens after a generational crisis war, since
the traumatized survivors do not wish anything so horrible to happen
again. However, as younger generations with no personal memory of the
war rise to power, conflicts begin again.
In the 1910s, Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian peace activist, launched a
"non-cooperation movement" against the British, involving civil
disobedience. The generational Awakening era climax occurred with the
Amritsar Massacre, which is considered by some to be the worst British
atrocity of the century.
That event convinced both the British and the Indians that Britain
should completely give up colonial control of India. It led to the
partitioning of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 into two new nations,
India and Pakistan, and that led immediately into the Partition war,
one of the bloodiest battles of the 20th century.
The people killed in the Amritsar Massacre were Sikhs in the
"Khalistan" separatist movement, demanding that Punjab become an
independent Sikh state.
Sixty-four years after the Amritsar Massacre of 1919, in 1983, some
Sikh activists took refuge in the Golden Temple Complex at Amritsar,
the most revered place in the Sikh world. In June 1984 Indian troops
launched 'Operation Blue Star'. They attacked the Golden Temple
Complex, killing many of those inside, and seriously damaging the
buildings.
This infuriated the Sikhs, who revived the Khalistan separatist
movement. In October 1984, the world was shocked when India's prime
minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards,
who were getting revenge. Four days of anti-Sikh rioting followed in
India. The government said that more than 2,700 people, mostly Sikhs,
were killed, while newspapers and human rights groups put the death
toll between 10,000 and 17,000.
There's no known connection between the two, so it may simply be a
coincidence that a similar massacre occurred in Tiananmen Square in
Beijing on May 4, 1919, just three weeks after the Amritsar Massacre.
Word of the Amritsar massacre would surely have reached Beijing, and
might well have inspired the protests. This was the famous "May
Fourth movement," protesting the "Versailles betrayal" of China by the
Versailles peace conference that ended World War I.
When an Awakening climax is a massacre, it can change the direction of
a society. The Amritsar massacre convinced everyone that India should
no longer be a British colony. The 1919 Tiananmen Square massacre
convinced the Chinese to turn against "Western imperialism," which led
to the relationship with Soviet Russia and the adoption of Communism.
--- Sources:
-- Amritsar massacre / After the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, came the
torture, crawling, floggings
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/indi...773961.cms
(TimesOfIndia)
--- Related:
** 30-Nov-18 World View -- Kartarpur Corridor raises concerns about activating the Sikh separatist Khalistan movement
** http://www.generationaldynamics.com/pg/x...tm#e181130
** 2-Apr-18 World View -- Massive new anti-India violence in Kashmir leads to 20 deaths
** http://www.generationaldynamics.com/pg/x...tm#e180402
